THERMODYNAMICS LECTURE NOTES
CHAPTER
1: THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS: BASIC CONCEPTS
ü INTRODUCTION
ü THERMODYNAMIC
SYSTEM: SELECT DEFINITIONS
ü TYPES
OF ENERGIES ASSOCIATED WITH THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES
ü THERMODYNAMIC
EQUILIBRIUM
ü THE
PHASE RULE
ü ZEROTH
LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS AND ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE
ü THE
IDEAL GAS
ü STATE
AND PATH DEPENDENT THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES
ü REVERSIBLE
AND IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES
ü SIGNIFICANCE
OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS: PROCESS PLANT SCHEME
CHAPTER 2: VOLUMETRIC
PROPERTIES OF REAL FLUIDS
ü GENERAL P-V-T BEHAVIOUR OF REAL FLUIDS
ü ORIGINS OF DEVIATION FROM IDEAL GAS BEHAVIOUR
ü EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR REAL FLUIDS
ü VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES
ü PROPERTY REPRESENTATION OF 2-PHASE SYSTEMS:
ü HEAT EFFECTS OF PHASE CHANGE
CHAPTER
3: FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ü CONCEPT
OF INTERNAL ENERGY
ü THE
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ü APPLICATION
OF THE FIRST LAW TO CLOSED SYSTEMS
ü APPLICATION
OF THE FIRST LAW TO OPEN SYSTEMS
ü MEASUREMENT
OF ENTHALPY AND INTERNAL ENERGY USING FLOW CALORIMETER
CHAPTER
4: SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ü HEAT
ENGINES AND SECOND LAW STATEMENTS
ü SECOND
LAW STATEMENTS
ü CARNOT
HEAT ENGINE CYCLE AND THE 2ND LAW
ü ENTROPY
CALCULATIONS FOR IDEAL GASES
ü MATHEMATICAL
STATEMENT OF THE 2ND LAW:
ü ENTROPY
BALANCE FOR OPEN SYSTEMS
ü IDEAL
AND LOST WORK FOR FLOW SYSTEMS
CHAPTER
5 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF REAL FLUIDS
ü THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY RELATIONS FOR SINGLE PHASE SYSTEMS
ü MAXWELL
RELATIONS
ü RELATIONS
FOR ENTHALPY, ENTROPY AND INTERNAL ENERGY
ü RESIDUAL
PROPERTY RELATIONS
ü RESIDUAL
PROPERTY CALCULATIONS FROM EOS
ü GENERALIZED
CORRELATIONS FOR COMPUTING DH AND DS FOR A REAL GAS
ü COMPUTATION
OF ΔH AND ΔS FOR A GAS USING GENERALIZED DEPARTURE FUNCTIONS
ü EXTENSION
TO GAS MIXTURES
ü RELATIONS
FOR ΔH AND ΔS FOR LIQUIDS
ü APPLICATIONS
TO REAL FLUID PROCESSES IN PROCESS PLANT EQUIPMENTS
CHAPTER 6: SOLUTION
THERMODYNAMICS AND PRINCIPLES OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA
ü PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTY
ü PARTIAL PROPERTIES FOR BINARY SOLUTIONS
ü CRITERIA OF THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
ü IDEAL GAS MIXTURES AND LIQUID SOLUTIONS
ü EXCESS PROPERTIES
ü FUGACITY-BASED PHASE EQUILIBRIUM CRITERION FOR PURE
COMPONENT SYSTEM
ü FUGACITY EXPRESSIONS FOR PURE GASES
CHAPTER 7 VAPOUR-LIQUID
EQUILIBRIA
ü INTRODUCTION
ü SINGLE COMPONENT SYSTEM PHASE EQUILIBRIA
ü DERIVATION OF THE PHASE RULE
ü DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL VLE BEHAVIOR
ü RAOULT’S LAW FOR VLE
ü VLE ALGORITHMS FOR LOW TO MODERATE PRESSURES
ü HIGH PRESSURE VAPOUR LIQUID EQUILIBRIA
ü HENRY’S LAW
CHAPTER 8: CHEMICAL
REACTION EQUILIBRIA
ü INTRODUCTION
ü STANDARD ENTHALPY AND GIBBS FREE ENERGY OF REACTION
ü THE REACTION COORDINATE
ü CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIUM
ü THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT OF REACTIONS
ü REACTIONS INVOLVING GASEOUS SPECIES
ü REACTION EQUILIBRIA FOR SIMULTANEOUS REACTIONS
ü REACTIONS INVOLVING LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
CHAPTER 9: OTHER TOPICS
IN PHASE EQUILIBRIA
ü LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA (LLE)
ü SOLID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA
ü SOLID-VAPOUR EQUILIBRIUM
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